Does conflict have to mean combat?
Sun Tzu wisely emphasizes the importance of strategy over brute strength in warfare. War is referred to as an art because it revolves around the unpredictable nature of human beings. Colonel T.E. Lawrence, during the Arab Rebellion of World War One, recognized that humanity, with its illogical and sensitive components, permeates every aspect of the battle, making it irregular and variable.
Although Sun Tzu preferred stratagem, he acknowledged the speed at which mankind resorts to violence to solve problems. Living in the blood-soaked Warring States period of Chinese history, he understood the complexity and unpredictability of conflicts. Yet, history often focuses on the application of violence, leaving little record of wars averted through diplomacy or unseen maneuvers. The avoidance of war through clever tactics may not make for thrilling reading, but it is a testament to the effectiveness of a strategy.
The principles of employing direct and indirect forces apply not only to battles but also to the actions leading up to them. Those who grasp the intricacies of controlling the invisible forces comprehend their power, while others dismiss or ignore the importance of such skills.
Emperor Alexios I of Byzantium exemplified a leader who preferred manipulating circumstances rather than engaging in open battles. He would pay off enemies, incite revolts, or redirect attackers through cunning methods. While some labeled him treacherous, he embodied the wisdom of Sun Tzu. The Byzantine emperors, situated at the crossroads of East and West, learned to merge subtlety and brute force. Their experiences vividly reflect the concepts and ideas found in the thirteen chapters of The Art of War.
Alexios I, who ascended the throne during a time of peril, ruled for thirty-seven years, leaving behind a stronger kingdom for his sons. Although skilled in diplomacy and deception, he did engage in some open battles, experiencing both victories and defeats. His life exemplifies the notion that victory can take various forms, and survival on the battlefield can be a significant achievement. Once survival is ensured, other avenues toward ultimate victory can be pursued.
The adage "plan for battle while hoping or praying for peace" can be misleading. Sun Tzu and Alexios I did not merely hope for peace but used every means at their disposal to manipulate and focus their forces, ensuring their objectives were met without resorting to violence.
The maxim "be prepared" resonates with the teachings of the Art of War. It urges us to rely on our readiness to face the enemy, rather than hoping they won't attack. Being in a constant state of mental and physical preparedness, as advocated by the Boy Scouts of America, aligns with this principle.
One concept often misunderstood is that of the Direct and Indirect. The Indirect is not merely about unexpected actions; it involves transforming a small problem into a larger and more dangerous one, creating a situation where only one side can emerge victorious. It is a deep and complex strategy that goes beyond mere deception.
Besides breaking the enemy's will to fight, thwarting their plans and preventing the junction of their forces are crucial objectives. Avoiding battle, when victory is uncertain, is not cowardice but the epitome of strategic thinking. If battle becomes necessary, it should only occur once every indirect option has been exhausted to weaken the enemy and strengthen one's own forces. Sun Tzu recognized that some adversaries are willing to fight despite facing destruction. However, this doesn't excuse anyone from making every effort to avoid the damages and losses of actual combat.
Great martial artists spend years honing their skills to incapacitate, harm, maim, or even kill others. Paradoxically, their training aims to reach a level where they can neutralize an enemy without causing permanent damage or death. As the ancient saying goes, "better to be a soldier in a garden than a gardener in a war."